Grammar

• important info

  • don't have to write the exercises
  • can miss up to 3 classes (50% attendance necessary to get the credits)
  • MFF 2013+ (from October 24)
  • 7. 11. test, essay (no preparation)
  • 12. 12. ESP – date might change
  • [19. 12. test 2] – Moodle

• opt for (opt into)

• distinguish _ from _

• succeed in

• stem from (originate)

• appeal to

• bother with/about

• rely on

• benefit from

• short of/on

• riddled with

• lacking in

• nervous about

• to the delight of

Tenses

• present perfect
  1. unfinished time – today, this week
  2. already, yet
  3. recently, just *
  4. ever, never (in your life) *
  5. for, since – how long, since when
  • * sometimes it's used without those words (I've read the book. I've spoken to the president and we are all invited to the party.)
• past simple
  1. finished time – yesterday
  2. (ad 4) ever, never – for dead people
• present perfect progressive
  • for, since (usually for shorter periods of time) + study, work, live
  • temporary / new habit (lately, recently)
  • observation + finished action ([It seems] it has been raining.)
• past perfect – before, had done
• past perfect progressive – had been -ing

Subjunctive

• recommend (that) someone do…

  • I recommend you read this book.
  • I really recommend that she study now.
  • I recommended that he go to the doctor.

• recommend, suggest, …

• I am looking forward to – informal

• I look forward to – formal

ESP

• a = b = c … a equals b which equals c / a equals b and that equals c
• (n – k)! … the factorial of the difference of n and k
• $a\geq b$ … a is greater than or equal to b

• in spite of it raining
• upon/on -ing
• once -ed